It is important to understand that fungal infections do not directly cause infertility. Becoming infertile by a simple fungal infection is quite rare. Therefore when considering infertility it is important to get a thorough check-up by a healthcare professional to identify the exact cause. At Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic, doctors have seen countless patients suffering from infertility due to various different reasons. The connection between fungal infections and reproductive health is insignificant unless it is a severe or recurrent infection that damages reproductive organs, and in many cases, these are entirely preventable causes of infertility.
Normally the female reproductive system has its own mechanism of maintaining a microbiome and pH balance. Only severe cases of recurrent fungal infections can alter the vaginal microbiome and disrupt the cervical mucus consistency. Recurrent fungal infections can also trigger an inflammatory response that affects embryo implantation.
Chronic inflammation due to fungal infection can cause endometritis by extending to the uterus and can also cause blockage in the fallopian tubes (salpingitis). This would prevent the sperm reaching the egg in the fallopian tubes hence no fertilization takes place. However, this picture is more commonly seen in bacterial infections and is not very common with fungal infections.
Infertility in men due to fungal infections is rare. It often affects the skin of the genital area which may result in itching, redness and discomfort. There is no current evidence that fungal infections affect fertility in men. In rare cases it may result in local inflammation that causes temporary disruption of reproductive health— severe/ recurrent cases of fungal infections of male genital organs may require proper evaluation and treatment. Fungal infections tend to spread easily during sexual intercourse therefore it is important to seek help to prevent spread of disease.
Here’s something genuinely encouraging: some reproductive tract infections are among the more preventable and treatable factors that can affect reproductive health. While the evidence linking fungal infections alone to infertility remains limited, maintaining good genital and reproductive health may help reduce the risk of complications that could potentially impact fertility.
Here are a few precautions that can help reduce the risk of fungal infections of the reproductive tract:
Infertility due to fungal infections is rare but if someone is experiencing obvious signs of fungal infections along with infertility— it is important to look into it. One of the most common things we hear from new patients at Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic is some version of: “My previous tests all came back normal.” And yet something still isn’t working. This is where a more thorough investigation is required. Doctors at Njinsky run a series of tests when fungal infections are suspected. These tests include:
Fungal infections do not directly cause infertility therefore it is important to identify the exact cause of infertility and start treatment accordingly. However, there is a rare chance of a combined bacterial and fungal infection resulting in damage to the reproductive organs which may result in infertility indirectly.
For Candida infections, treatment depends on whether this is a single or recurrent episode. For recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, oral antifungal therapy is often prescribed for up to six months, along with an extended maintenance regimen for recurrent cases. In some strains, additional topical azole preparations may also be required.
Although treating a fungal infection is not considered a treatment for infertility itself— it is important to prevent recurrent/ chronic infections which can get complicated and result in adhesions and scarring within the reproductive tract. Minor surgical procedures may be required if an infection has caused complications such as adhesions and scarring in the fallopian tube or other parts of reproductive organs. These adhesions cause infertility by not allowing the sperm to reach the egg and cause fertilizations— if no fertilization occurs no pregnancy can take place.
Male factor infertility contributes to around 50% of all cases where a couple struggles to conceive .When genital tract infection is identified in men, male infertility treatment typically involves targeted antimicrobial or antifungal therapy based on culture results. There is published evidence showing that treating confirmed infections in men improves sperm parameters and reduces DNA fragmentation— both of which matter for natural conception and for IVF success rates.
At Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic, male partners are always evaluated as part of a couple’s fertility journey. We include microbiological semen culture, sperm DNA fragmentation analysis, and where indicated, specialist urological or andrological review, as part of comprehensive male infertility treatment planning.
Infection-focused treatment may include:
At Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic, we’ve built our approach around one core belief: that every patient deserves a thorough, personalised investigation before any treatment begins. We don’t start with assumptions. Our team combines advanced reproductive medicine with a genuinely patient-centred approach.
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