Can Trichomoniasis Cause Infertility?

Trichomoniasis is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). It affects both men and women and is usually curable when diagnosed and treated early. The infection is caused by a parasite called Trichomonas vaginalis. Although trichomoniasis is often easy to treat, leaving it untreated may increase the risk of reproductive health complications. Understanding the relationship between trichomoniasis and fertility is important for protecting your reproductive health.

Trichomoniasis and Reproductive Health

Trichomoniasis is transmitted through sexual contact and can affect the reproductive health of both women and men. Although trichomoniasis itself is not considered a direct or common cause of infertility, persistent or recurrent infections may contribute to inflammation of the reproductive tract, which can affect fertility over time.

In women, ongoing inflammation may disrupt the normal vaginal environment, affect sperm survival and transport, increase susceptibility to other sexually transmitted infections, and raise the risk of developing pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), which is a well-established cause of infertility.

In men, some studies suggest that trichomoniasis may be associated with reduced semen quality, including lower sperm count, decreased sperm motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. However, more research is needed to fully understand its long-term impact on male fertility.

Trichomoniasis during pregnancy has also been associated with complications such as preterm birth, premature rupture of membranes (PROM), and low birth weight. Early diagnosis and treatment during pregnancy can help reduce these risks.

Symptoms of Trichomoniasis

In men:

• Urethral discharge.
• Burning during urination or ejaculation.
• Irritation or itching inside the penis.

In women:

• Frothy, foul-smelling, yellow-green vaginal discharge.
• Vaginal itching, soreness, or irritation.
• Burning during urination.
• Pain or discomfort during sexual intercourse.

Diagnosis of Fertility-Related Problems Due to STIs

It is important for trichomoniasis, as well as other sexually transmitted infections, to be diagnosed early so that treatment can begin before complications develop. Healthcare professionals diagnose trichomoniasis based on a patient’s medical history, symptoms, physical examination, and laboratory testing. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are the preferred diagnostic tests because they are highly sensitive and specific.

Since many people with trichomoniasis have no symptoms, routine STI screening may be recommended for individuals at increased risk. It is also important to communicate openly with your partner if you have been diagnosed with, or suspect you may have, a sexually transmitted infection before engaging in sexual activity.

Treatment for Fertility Problems Associated with Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis can be effectively treated with antiprotozoal medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole when diagnosed early. Prompt treatment helps eliminate the infection and reduces the risk of transmitting it to others. However, prevention remains the best approach.

You can reduce your risk of trichomoniasis by:

• Getting yourself and your partner tested and discussing any sexually transmitted infections before sexual activity.
• Using protective barriers such as condoms, especially if you are unsure of your partner’s STI status.
• Seeking medical treatment promptly if you notice any symptoms of trichomoniasis.
• Undergoing routine STI screening if you are sexually active and at increased risk, as many infections cause no symptoms.
• Ensuring that both partners receive treatment at the same time and avoiding sexual intercourse until treatment has been completed to prevent reinfection.

At Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic, we understand that every patient’s fertility journey is unique. Our experienced consultant gynaecologists diagnose and treat trichomoniasis while providing personalised treatment plans for both partners. We also offer appropriate laboratory investigations and ultrasound examinations to assess whether trichomoniasis or other sexually transmitted infections have caused any lasting damage to the reproductive system.

For patients diagnosed with infertility related to sexually transmitted infections, we offer advanced female infertility treatments and male infertility treatments to help improve the chances of achieving pregnancy. Our clinic is equipped with advanced technology for assisted reproductive techniques, including IVF, IUI, and ICSI.

At Njinsky IVF & Fertility Clinic, we provide comprehensive fertility care under one roof, making the journey toward parenthood more convenient and supportive. We believe that early diagnosis, personalised care, and timely intervention can make all the difference in your fertility journey.